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The paper introduced a new deep learning architecture known as the transformer, based on the attention mechanism proposed in 2014 by Bahdanau et al. [4] It is considered a foundational [5] paper in modern artificial intelligence, as the transformer approach has become the main architecture of large language models like those based on GPT.
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. [1] Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism , which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of ...
For example, pre-attentive processing is slowed by sleep deprivation while attention, although less focused, is not slowed. [6] Furthermore, when searching for a particular visual stimulus among a variety of visual distractions, people often have more trouble finding what they are looking for if one or more of the distractions is particularly ...
Perceptual learning is a more in-depth relationship between experience and perception. Different perceptions of the same sensory input may arise in individuals with different experiences or training. This leads to important issues about the ontology of sensory experience, the relationship between cognition and perception. An example of this is ...
Voluntary attention, otherwise known as top-down attention, is the aspect over which we have control, enabling us to act in a goal-directed manner. [14] In contrast, reflexive attention is driven by exogenous stimuli redirecting our current focus of attention to a new stimulus, thus it is a bottom-up influence. These two divisions of attention ...
[3] [8] This raw pattern of neural activity is called the proximal stimulus. [3] These neural signals are then transmitted to the brain and processed. [3] The resulting mental re-creation of the distal stimulus is the percept. To explain the process of perception, an example could be an ordinary shoe. The shoe itself is the distal stimulus.
Focused attention: The ability to respond discretely to specific sensory stimuli. Sustained attention (vigilance and concentration): The ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity. Selective attention: The ability to maintain a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or ...
He instead chose to focus on the human learning experience in everyday life and its importance to the study of cognition. James' most significant contribution to the study and theory of cognition was his textbook Principles of Psychology which preliminarily examines aspects of cognition such as perception, memory, reasoning, and attention. [15]