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1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms.It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during the fixation/reduction of ...
2,3-BPG is formed from 1,3-BPG by the enzyme BPG mutase.It can then be broken down by 2,3-BPG phosphatase to form 3-phosphoglycerate.Its synthesis and breakdown are, therefore, a way around a step of glycolysis, with the net expense of one ATP per molecule of 2,3-BPG generated as the high-energy carboxylic acid-phosphate mixed anhydride bond is cleaved by 2,3-BPG phosphatase.
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid, which the Benesches discovered played a key role in the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin. Reinhold Benesch (August 13, 1919 – December 30, 1986) [1] and Ruth Erica Benesch (February 25, 1925 [2] –March 25, 2000 [3]) were American biochemists at Columbia University whose forty year scientific collaboration primarily investigated hemoglobin.
One of the acyl groups of an acid anhydride can be derived from an inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid. The mixed anhydride 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, an intermediate in the formation of ATP via glycolysis, [4] is the mixed anhydride of 3-phosphoglyceric acid and phosphoric acid. Acidic oxides are also classified as acid anhydrides.
A typical oxidant is nitric acid, but catalytic oxidations have been developed also: [2] [3] HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH + O 2 → HOCH 2 CH(OH)CO 2 H + H 2 O. As glycerol is prochiral, the oxidation of the two terminal alcohol groups gives distinct enantiomers of glyceric acid. Oxidation of both primary alcohols gives tartronic acid:
For example, the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid has a half-life of 27 minutes in vivo. [5] Typical types of chemical damage reactions that can occur to metabolites are racemization , rearrangement , elimination , photodissociation , addition , and condensation .
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-BPG) Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular formula .
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) Bisphosphoglycerate mutase; Bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase This page was last edited on 12 May ...