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Like other mosaics, Byzantine mosaics are made of small pieces of glass, stone, ceramic, or other material, which are called tesserae. [18] During the Byzantine period, craftsmen expanded the materials that could be turned into tesserae, beginning to include gold leaf and precious stones, and perfected their construction.
Other types of compositions were also employed, many of them much simpler. Some mosaics were simply composed of coloured squares. [6] [4] One variation of this is a "checkerboard"-like pattern made up of repeating squares/lozenges separated by white strips with eight-pointed stars at their intersections.
Portuguese pavement: image of the seal of the University of Coimbra, in Portugal, featuring Wisdom. Portuguese pavement, known in Portuguese as calçada portuguesa or simply calçada (or pedra portuguesa in Brazil), is a traditional-style pavement used for many pedestrian areas in Portugal.
The composition of the Delos mosaics and pavements include simple pebble constructions, chip-pavement made of white marble, ceramic fragments, and pieces of tesserae. [2] [6] [13] The latter falls into two categories: the simpler, tessellated opus tessellatum using large pieces of tesserae, on average eight by eight millimeters, [14] and the finer opus vermiculatum using pieces of tesserae ...
The license allows free use of the software, including commercial use, but it requires that every published or printed photographic mosaic, or derivative work, includes a reference to AndreaMosaic. Also the publishing or display to a large audience of a particular mosaic should be added to the public list of artworks created with AndreaMosaic.
Ancient Roman decorative mosaic panels and floor mosaics were also produced during the 2nd century BC, particularly at sites such as Pompeii. Marble or limestone were cut into small cubes and arranged into representational designs and geometric patterns. Later, tesserae were made from colored glass, or clear glass backed with metal foils.
The mosaics are incredibly large, with "The Worcester Hunt," the largest Antioch mosaic in the United States, [3] measuring 20.5 feet (6.26 m) x 23.3 feet (7.11 m). [5] The mosaics range in design from realistic imagery and scenes, to purely geometric patterns. [4] It is believed that the mosaics were created by mosaic specialists. [1]
Traditional mosaics have a history dating back to at least the fourth century BC, and employ a variety of methodologies to create their images. However, traditional mosaics share the common feature of employing small, uniformly colored materials to create a pattern or picture. Because the tiles can be cut into irregular shapes to conform to the ...