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  2. Cation–π interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation–π_interaction

    The optimal interaction geometry places the cation in van der Waals contact with the aromatic ring, centered on top of the π face along the 6-fold axis. [3] Studies have shown that electrostatics dominate interactions in simple systems, and relative binding energies correlate well with electrostatic potential energy. [4] [5]

  3. Transversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversion

    Illustration of a transversion: each of the 8 nucleotide changes between a purine and a pyrimidine (in red). The 4 other changes are transitions (in blue).. Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to a point mutation in DNA in which a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is changed for a (one ring) pyrimidine (T or C), or vice versa. [1]

  4. List of unsolved problems in mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture: the normalized pair correlation function between pairs of zeros of the Riemann zeta function is the same as the pair correlation function of random Hermitian matrices. n conjecture: a generalization of the abc conjecture to more than three integers.

  5. Correlation function (statistical mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_function...

    Correlation functions between the same random variable are autocorrelation functions. However, in statistical mechanics, not all correlation functions are autocorrelation functions. For example, in multicomponent condensed phases, the pair correlation function between different elements is often of interest.

  6. Radial distribution function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_distribution_function

    calculation of () Radial distribution function for the Lennard-Jones model fluid at =, =.. In statistical mechanics, the radial distribution function, (or pair correlation function) () in a system of particles (atoms, molecules, colloids, etc.), describes how density varies as a function of distance from a reference particle.

  7. Ring theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_theory

    A commutative ring R is said to be catenary if for every pair of prime ideals ′, there exists a finite chain of prime ideals = = ′ that is maximal in the sense that it is impossible to insert an additional prime ideal between two ideals in the chain, and all such maximal chains between and ′ have the same length. Practically all ...

  8. Idempotent (ring theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotent_(ring_theory)

    A ring is directly irreducible if and only if 0 and 1 are the only central idempotents. A ring R can be written as e 1 R ⊕ e 2 R ⊕ ... ⊕ e n R with each e i a local idempotent if and only if R is a semiperfect ring. A ring is called an SBI ring or Lift/rad ring if all idempotents of R lift modulo the Jacobson radical.

  9. Pairs trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairs_trade

    A pairs trade or pair trading is a market neutral trading strategy enabling traders to profit from virtually any market conditions: uptrend, downtrend, or sideways movement. This strategy is categorized as a statistical arbitrage and convergence trading strategy. [ 1 ]