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The element pc requires ten blocks of memory of the size of pointer to char (usually 40 or 80 bytes on common platforms), but element pa is only one pointer (size 4 or 8 bytes), and the data it refers to is an array of ten bytes (sizeof * pa == 10).
It is required to be at least 16 bits, and is often smaller than a standard integer, but this is not required. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] A conforming program can assume that it can safely store values between −(2 15 −1) [ 11 ] and 2 15 −1, [ 12 ] but it may not assume that the range is not larger.
34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes) – maximum addressable memory for the Motorola 68020 (1984) and Intel 80386 (1985), also the volume size limit for the FAT16B file system (with 64 KiB clusters) as well as the maximum file size (4 GiB-1) in MS-DOS 7.1-8.0. 3.76 × 10 10 bits (4.7 gigabytes) – capacity of a single-layer, single-sided DVD: 2 36
The number 4,294,967,295, equivalent to the hexadecimal value FFFFFFFF 16, is the maximum value for a 32-bit unsigned integer in computing. [6] It is therefore the maximum value for a variable declared as an unsigned integer (usually indicated by the unsigned codeword) in many programming languages running on modern computers.
There are four kinds of encoding for the Length field: 1-byte, 2-byte, 4-byte and Basic Encoding Rules (BER). The 1-, 2-, and 4-byte variants are pretty straightforward: make an unsigned integer out of the bytes, and that integer is the number of bytes that follow. BER length encoding is a bit more complicated but the most flexible.
A common example is the Data General Nova, which was a 16-bit design that performed 16-bit math as a series of four 4-bit operations. 4-bits was the word size of a widely available single-chip ALU and thus allowed for inexpensive implementation. Using the definition being applied to the 68000, the Nova would be a 4-bit computer, or 4/16.
Bit fields can be used to reduce memory consumption when a program requires a number of integer variables which always will have low values. For example, in many systems, storing an integer value requires two bytes (16-bits) of memory; sometimes the values to be stored actually need only one or two bits.
For this reason, bit index is not affected by how the value is stored on the device, such as the value's byte order. Rather, it is a property of the numeric value in binary itself. This is often utilized in programming via bit shifting: A value of 1 << n corresponds to the n th bit of a binary integer (with a value of 2 n).