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Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire.
Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
Pleistoros was, according to Herodotus (The Histories, IX, 119), [1] a Thracian god adored by the Gauls and the tribe "Absinthe" (Apsintieni) as the god of war. According to Josephus Flavius (in his Antiquities of the Jews, XVIII, 22). [2] [a] Pleistoros was the god of war Dacians pleistoi, to which these Thracians offered sacrifices of men.
A Thracian tomb painting at the Aleksandrovska Grobnitsa (), which possibly depicts Zalmoxis. [1] [2]Zalmoxis (Ancient Greek: Ζάλμοξις) also known as Salmoxis (Σάλμοξις), Zalmoxes (Ζάλμοξες), Zamolxis (Ζάμολξις), Samolxis (Σάμολξις), Zamolxes (Ζάμολξες), or Zamolxe (Ζάμολξε) is a divinity of the Getae and Dacians (a people of the lower ...
The history of Dacian warfare spans from c. 10th century BC to 2nd century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Dacia, populated by a collection of Thracian, Ionian, and Dorian tribes. [1] It concerns the armed conflicts of the Dacian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans.
The Dacian citadels, such as Costești, fell one after the other until even the last one, near present-day Muncel, was destroyed while the Dacian army that rushed in was heavily beaten. [23] The road to Sarmizegetusa Regia was now considered open and the war now won. Decebalus, to spare the capital the horrors of a useless siege, capitulated.
The Dacians, in fact, after the successes of the last decade, appeared so formidable in the eyes of the Romans that Caesar himself had planned an expedition against them [14] (perhaps also in revenge for the discourtesy suffered during the Civil War), which did not, however, take place because of the death of the Roman dictator on the Ides of ...
106 AD, Dacia becomes a province of the Roman Empire conquered by Trajan. Pieporus, king of Dacian Costoboci – 2nd century AD (inscription) [39] [40] Tarbus – 2nd century AD. Dio Cassius mentioned him without specifying his origin. Some authors consider a possible Dacian ethnicity [41] [42]