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A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...
The potassium acetate reacts with the SDS detergent, Magnesium ions, and Calcium ions already present in the solution and forms potassium dodecyl sulfate (KDS), an insoluble white precipitate. [ 4 ] The remaining chromosomal DNA strands, denatured proteins, and added chemicals stick together and precipitate out.
Other interference may come from the buffer used when preparing the protein sample. A high concentration of buffer will cause an overestimated protein concentration due to depletion of free protons from the solution by conjugate base from the buffer. This will not be a problem if a low concentration of protein (subsequently the buffer) is used. [6]
At 25 °C Tris buffer has an effective pH range between 7.5 and 9.0. Under the conditions given here (addressing the concentration of buffer components, buffering mechanism, pH and temperature) the effective pH is shifted in the range of about 10.0 to 10.5. Native buffer systems all have low conductivity and range in pH from 3.8 to 10.2 ...
A solution of 5% by mass of ammonium chloride in water has a pH in the range 4.6 to 6.0. [ 12 ] Some reactions of ammonium chloride with other chemicals are endothermic , such as its reaction with barium hydroxide and its dissolving in water.
A detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can be used to dissolve cell membranes and keep membrane proteins in solution during purification; however, because SDS causes denaturation, milder detergents such as Triton X-100 or CHAPS can be used to retain the protein's native conformation during complete purification.
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other forms of chromatography, separation is possible because the different components of a mixture have different affinities for two materials, a moving fluid (the mobile phase) and a porous solid (the stationary phase).
[84] [85] Scaling is commonly observed in electrolytic chlorine generators, where there is a high pH near the cathode surface and scale deposition further increases temperature. This is one reason that some pool operators prefer borate over bicarbonate as the primary pH buffer, and avoid the use of pool chemicals containing calcium. [86]
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