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Humanism is an example of a life stance that accepts that several things have intrinsic value. [ 5 ] Multism may not necessarily include the feature of intrinsic values to have a negative side—e.g., the feature of utilitarianism to accept both pain and pleasure as of intrinsic value, since they may be viewed as different sides of the same coin.
According to social psychologist Milton Rokeach, human values are defined as “core conceptions of the desirable within every individual and society. They serve as standards or criteria to guide not only action but also judgment, choice, attitude, evaluation, argument, exhortation, rationalization, and…attribution of causality.” [6] In his 1973 publication, Rokeach also stated that the ...
In moral philosophy, instrumental and intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is as an end in itself. [1] Things are deemed to have instrumental value (or extrinsic value [ 2 ] ) if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic values , by contrast, are understood to be desirable in and of themselves.
Axiological ethics is a subfield of ethics examining the nature and role of values from a moral perspective, with particular interest in determining which ends are worth pursuing. [ 115 ] The ethical theory of consequentialism combines the perspectives of ethics and value theory, asserting that the rightness of an action depends on the value of ...
Stimulation and Self-direction – intrinsic interest in novelty and mastery; Self-direction and Universalism – reliance upon one's own judgement and comfort with the diversity of existence; Universalism and Benevolence – enhancement of others and transcendence of selfish interests; Benevolence and Tradition – devotion to one's in-group
An intrinsically valuable thing is worth for itself, not as a means to something else. It is giving value intrinsic and extrinsic properties. An ethic good with instrumental value may be termed an ethic mean, and an ethic good with intrinsic value may be termed an end-in-itself. An object may be both a mean and end-in-itself.
The self-determination theory [7] proposes a motivational continuum from the extrinsic to intrinsic motivation and autonomous self-regulation. Some research suggests a child's moral self starts to develop around age three. [8] These early years of socialization may be the underpinnings of moral development in later childhood.
The first question regards defining and exploring understandings of 'the good' or value. This includes, for example, the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental values. [4] The second area is the application of such understandings of value to a variety of fields within the social sciences and humanities.