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Intel 5-level paging, referred to simply as 5-level paging in Intel documents, is a processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors. [ 1 ] : 11 It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel page tables , increasing the addressable virtual memory from 256 TiB to 128 PiB .
MS-DOS and all versions of Windows after Windows 3.1 (Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows 11) also display a black screen of death when the operating system cannot boot. There are many factors that can contribute to this problem, including the ones listed below.
In computing, a page fault is an exception that the memory management unit (MMU) raises when a process accesses a memory page without proper preparations. Accessing the page requires a mapping to be added to the process's virtual address space. Furthermore, the actual page contents may need to be loaded from a back-up, e.g. a disk.
For some processors, a mode can be enabled with a fifth table, the 512-entry page-map level 5 table; this means that 57 bits of virtual page number are translated, giving a virtual address space of up to 128 PB. [10]: 141–153 In the page table entries, in the original specification, 40 bits of physical page number are implemented.
The Screen of Death in Windows 10, which includes a sad emoticon and a QR code for quick troubleshooting A Linux kernel panic, forced by an attempt to kill init The Mac OS X kernel panic alert. This screen was introduced in Mac OS X 10.2, while the kernel panic itself was around since the Mac OS X Public Beta.
Windows 3.1 displays a black screen of death instead of a blue one. [21] Some versions of macOS (notably OS X Lion) display a black screen of death instead of a kernel panic, usually pointed to a graphics card or sleep/wake issue, [40] it may also display a black screen when the operating system fails to boot properly. [41]
Updates to the Windows Desktop Update were part of IE 4.0 hotfixes and service packs. Later, shell security updates for Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 included both the update to the Windows Desktop Update version and the original version. Sometimes the Windows Desktop Update version and the update to the original version were packaged separately.
It is also helpful to use large pages in the host page tables to reduce the number of levels (e.g., in x86-64, using 2 MB pages removes one level in the page table). Since memory is typically allocated to virtual machines at coarse granularity, using large pages for guest-physical translation is an obvious optimization, reducing the depth of ...