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Unlike the other twelve vitamins, vitamin D is only conditionally essential - in a preindustrial society people had adequate exposure to sunlight and the vitamin was a hormone, as the primary natural source of vitamin D was the synthesis of cholecalciferol in the lower layers of the skin's epidermis, triggered by a photochemical reaction with ...
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. [47] Because they are not as readily stored, more consistent intake is important. [48] Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract with the ...
Plants tend not to use vitamins, although minerals are required. [8] [21] Structure of the Mn 4 O 5 Ca core of the oxygen-evolving site in plants, illustrating one of many roles of the trace mineral, manganese. [22] Some seven trace elements are essential to plant growth, although often in trace quantities. [citation needed]
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin. Consumption of large amounts as a dietary supplement results in absorption, followed by excretion into urine as biotin. Consumption of biotin as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites. [4]
In a process which is independent of UV light, the pre-cholecalciferol then undergoes a [1,7] antarafacial sigmatropic rearrangement [44] and therein finally isomerizes to form vitamin D 3. The active UVB wavelengths are little present in sunlight, and sufficient amounts of cholecalciferol can be produced with moderate exposure of the skin ...
Here's what a nutraceutical is, where to find them in food and supplements, plus the dangers and benefits. Nutraceuticals are a health and wellness buzzword. Here's what a nutraceutical is, where ...
Water and fiber are macronutrients, but do not provide energy. The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. [7] The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built), and energy.
All organisms require water. Essential nutrients for animals are the energy sources, some of the amino acids that are combined to create proteins, a subset of fatty acids, vitamins and certain minerals. Plants require more diverse minerals absorbed through roots, plus carbon dioxide and oxygen absorbed through leaves.