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This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Indonesian and Malay in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
The Malay language has many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Tamil, Greek, Latin, Portuguese, Dutch, Siam (Old Thailand), Korean, Deutsch and Chinese languages such as Hokkien, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka. More recently, loans have come from Arabic, English and Malay's sister languages, Javanese and Sundanese.
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure. [47] By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the "trend towards Indo-Saxonization", [48] known in Indonesian as pengindosaksonan. Many ...
The base form of reduplicated nouns can either be a root word or an affixed word. In Pontianak Malay, there are no other types of reduplicated nouns besides full reduplication. [37] For example: peggawe-peggawe 'village chiefs' Examples of compound nouns are: buah rambot 'rambutan' cangkok manges 'katuk leaf'
Malay grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Malay language (Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore) and Indonesian (Indonesia and Timor Leste). This includes the structure of words , phrases , clauses and sentences .
Malaysian Malay (Malay: Bahasa Melayu Malaysia) or Malaysian (Bahasa Malaysia) [7] —endonymically within Malaysia as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai) or simply Malay (Bahasa Melayu, abbreviated to BM)— is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei Darussalam and Singapore (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the ...