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Nitrobenzene is prepared by nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. This mixture is sometimes called "mixed acid." The production of nitrobenzene is one of the most dangerous processes conducted in the chemical industry because of the exothermicity of the reaction (ΔH = −117 kJ/mol). [5] +
At the beginning of the 1990s, some of Zachem's installations were particularly noxious for the environment: the production of phenol, nitrobenzene, aniline were stopped, together with some dye manufacturing plants. In addition, the use of freon in the production of foams was halted.
The reaction was first used by Antoine Béchamp to reduce nitronaphthalene and nitrobenzene to naphthylamine and aniline, respectively. [3] The Béchamp reduction is broadly applicable to aromatic nitro compounds. [4] [5] Aliphatic nitro compounds are however more difficult to reduce, often remaining as the hydroxylamine. Tertiary aliphatic ...
The nitration product produced on the largest scale, by far, is nitrobenzene. Many explosives are produced by nitration including trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). [3] Another but more specialized method for making aryl–NO 2 group starts from halogenated phenols, is the Zinke nitration.
Nitrobenzenes are a group of nitro compounds consisting of one or more nitro groups as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C 6 H 6–n (NO 2) n, where n = 1–6 is the number of nitro groups.
Several methods have been described for the production of aryl hydroxylamines from aryl nitro compounds: Raney nickel and hydrazine at 0-10 °C [15] Electrolytic reduction [16] Zinc metal in aqueous ammonium chloride [17] Catalytic Rhodium on carbon with excess hydrazine monohydrate at room temperature [18]
If the benzene ring contains other substituents, it belongs in Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nitrobenzenes . The main article for this category is Nitrobenzenes .
Pages in category "Nitrobenzene derivatives" The following 101 pages are in this category, out of 101 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. 0–9. 2C-N;