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Alpha scintillation probe under calibration. The most commonly used hand-held survey meters are the scintillation counter, which is used in the measurement of alpha, beta and neutron particles; the Geiger counter, widely used for the measurement of alpha, beta and gamma levels; and the ion chamber, which is used for beta, gamma and X-ray measurements.
These include scintillation counters designed for freight terminals, border security, ports, weigh bridge applications, scrap metal yards and contamination monitoring of nuclear waste. There are variants of scintillation counters mounted on pick-up trucks and helicopters for rapid response in case of a security situation due to dirty bombs or ...
The company is based in Sweetwater, Texas and was founded in 1962 by Don Ludlum (1932-2015) who had previously worked for Eberline, another manufacturer of radiation detectors. [1]
Geiger counters; Photodetectors; Scintillation counters; Semiconductor detectors This page was last edited on 28 January 2020, at 03:48 ...
A Geiger counter (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ ɡ ər /, GY-gər; [1] also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It is widely used in applications such as radiation dosimetry , radiological protection , experimental physics and the nuclear industry .
Poor counting efficiency can be caused by an extremely low energy to light conversion rate, (scintillation efficiency) which, even optimally, will be a small value. It has been calculated that only some 4% of the energy from a β emission event is converted to light by even the most efficient scintillation cocktails. [3]
Geiger–Müller tubes are the primary components of Geiger counters. They operate at an even higher voltage, selected such that each ion pair creates an avalanche, but by the emission of UV photons, multiple avalanches are created which spread along the anode wire, and the adjacent gas volume ionizes from as little as a single ion pair event.
The experiment utilized two Geiger counters: one to detect the initial recoiling election and one to simultaneously detect a secondary electron recoil caused by the photonic product of the first recoil. This setup included a coincidence circuit which measured the process to = 1 ms and with an accuracy of 0.1 ms. [8]
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