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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli. It is a cause of disease , typically foodborne illness , through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef .
The clinical presentation in humans ranges from a mild and uncomplicated diarrhea to a hemorrhagic colitis with severe abdominal pain. Serotype O157:H7 may trigger an infectious dose with 100 bacterial cells or fewer; other strain such as 104:H4 has also caused an outbreak in Germany 2011.
EIEC infection causes a syndrome that is identical to shigellosis, with profuse diarrhea and high fever. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) found in humans, cattle, and goats Bloody or nonbloody The most infamous member of this pathotype is strain O157:H7, which causes bloody diarrhea and no fever.
Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a historical term for similar or identical toxins produced by Escherichia coli. [3] The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria S. dysenteriae and some serotypes of Escherichia coli (shigatoxigenic or STEC), which include serotypes O157:H7, and O104:H4. [4] [5]
E. coli is the type species of the genus (Escherichia) and in turn Escherichia is the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, where the family name does not stem from the genus Enterobacter + "i" (sic.) + "aceae", but from "enterobacterium" + "aceae" (enterobacterium being not a genus, but an alternative trivial name to enteric bacterium).
This can cause elevated physical temperature, painful spasms of the intestinal muscles , swelling due to fluid leaking from capillaries of the intestine and further tissue damage by the body's immune cells and the chemicals, called cytokines, which are released to fight the infection. The result can be impaired nutrient absorption, excessive ...
The FSIS introduced testing for E. coli O157:H7 in ground meat. [5] The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reclassified E. coli O157:H7 as an adulterant in ground beef. [39] The USDA introduced the Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (PR/HACCP) program. [5] [40] [39] [41]
The 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak began on October 7, 1996, when American food company Odwalla produced a batch of unpasteurized apple juice using blemished fruit contaminated with the E. coli bacterium, which ultimately killed a 16-month-old girl and sickened 70 people in California, Colorado, Washington state, and British Columbia, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 14 developed hemolytic ...