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  2. Sediment gravity flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_gravity_flow

    Most flows are liquefied, and many references to fluidized sediment gravity flows are in fact incorrect and actually refer to liquefied flows. [5] Debris flow or mudflow – Grains are supported by the strength and buoyancy of the matrix. Mudflows and debris flows have cohesive strength, which makes their behavior difficult to predict using the ...

  3. Western Interior Seaway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Interior_Seaway

    The earliest phase of the seaway began in the mid-Cretaceous when an arm of the Arctic Ocean transgressed south over western North America; this formed the Mowry Sea, so named for the Mowry Shale, an organic-rich rock formation. [1] In the south, the Gulf of Mexico was originally an extension of the Tethys Ocean. In time, the southern embayment ...

  4. Paleomagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleomagnetism

    Paleomagnetism (occasionally palaeomagnetism) is the study of prehistoric Earth's magnetic fields recorded in rocks, sediment, or archeological materials. Geophysicists who specialize in paleomagnetism are called paleomagnetists. Certain magnetic minerals in rocks can record the direction and intensity of Earth's magnetic field at the time they ...

  5. Vargas tragedy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_tragedy

    Additional water liquefied these landslides into debris flows, which are granular flows in which water mixes with high concentrations of rock and mud. The first eyewitness accounts of debris flows were from 8:30 PM on the 15th, and the final debris flows were reported between 8 and 9 AM on 16 December.

  6. Tethys Ocean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_Ocean

    First phase of the Tethys Ocean's forming: the (first) Tethys Sea starts dividing Pangaea into two supercontinents, Laurasia and Gondwana.. The Tethys Ocean (/ ˈ t iː θ ɪ s, ˈ t ɛ-/ TEETH-iss, TETH-; Greek: Τηθύς Tēthús), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era.

  7. Black Sea deluge hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis

    Popular discussion of this early Holocene Black Sea flood scenario was headlined in The New York Times in December 1996 [10] and later published as a book. [9] In a series of expeditions widely covered by mainstream media, a team of marine archaeologists led by Robert Ballard identified what appeared to be ancient shorelines, freshwater snail shells, drowned river valleys, tool-worked timbers ...

  8. Earth's biggest cluster of ocean trash, the Great Pacific ...

    www.aol.com/article/news/2018/03/30/great...

    A recent study published in the journal Scientific Reports on Thursday, March 22, found that the GPGP has grown to more than 600,000 square miles, which is twice the size of Texas or three times ...

  9. Carnian pluvial episode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnian_Pluvial_Episode

    the development of histic and spodic palaeosols, fossil soils which are typical of a tropical humid climate with more water entering through precipitation than leaving through evapotranspiration; hygrophytic palynological (fossil pollen) assemblages that reflect vegetation more adapted to a humid climate; the widespread presence of amber. [36]