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A femtosecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to 10 −15 or 1 ⁄ 1 000 000 000 000 000 of a second; that is, one quadrillionth, or one millionth of one billionth, of a second. [1] A femtosecond is to a second, as a second is to approximately 31.69 million years.
femtosecond: fs One quadrillionth of one second 1 fs: The cycle time for ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300 nanometres; The time it takes light to travel a distance of 0.3 micrometres (μm). 7.58fs: The period of vibration of a hydrogen molecule.
femtosecond: 10 −15 s: One quadrillionth of a second. Pulse time on fastest lasers. svedberg: 10 −13 s: Time unit used for sedimentation rates (usually of proteins). picosecond: 10 −12 s: One trillionth of a second. nanosecond: 10 −9 s: One billionth of a second. Time for molecules to fluoresce. shake: 10 −8 s
Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales (approximately 10 −15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name) in order to study the very act of atoms within molecules (reactants) rearranging themselves to form new molecules (products).
In optics, an ultrashort pulse, also known as an ultrafast event, is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond (10 −12 second) or less. . Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by mode-locked oscillat
The attosecond is a tiny unit but it has various potential applications: it can observe oscillating molecules, the chemical bonds formed by atoms in chemical reactions, and other extremely tiny and extremely fast things.
Femtosecond laser nanomachining – the short pulses can be used to nanomachine in many types of materials. An example of pico- and femtosecond micromachining is drilling the silicon jet surface of inkjet printers. Two-photon microscopy. Corneal surgery (see refractive surgery). Femtosecond lasers can be used to create bubbles in the cornea.
Femtosecond up-conversion is a pump-probe technique that uses nonlinear optics to combine the fluorescence signal and probe signal to create a signal with a new frequency via photon upconversion, which is subsequently detected. The probe scans through delay times after the pump excites the sample, generating a plot of intensity over time.