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Call originator - (or calling party, caller or A-party) a person or device that initiates a telephone call by dialling a telephone number. Call waiting - a system that notifies a caller of another incoming telephone call by sounding a sound in the earpiece. Called party - (or callee or B-party) Caller; Calling party; Conference call (multi ...
Whether a communication is connection-oriented or connectionless, is defined by the communication protocol, and not by application programming interface (API). Examples of the connection-oriented protocols include Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) , and examples of connectionless protocols include User ...
An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
Computer network engineering is a technology discipline within engineering that deals with the design, implementation, and management of computer networks. These systems contain both physical components, such as routers , switches, cables, and some logical elements, such as protocols and network services .
In the early days of telephony, with operator handling calls, the addressing formation is by voice as "Operator, connect me to Mr. Smith please". In the first half of the 20th century, addressing formation is done by using a rotary dial , which rapidly breaks the line current into pulses , with the number of pulses conveying the address.
The CYCLADES network, designed by Louis Pouzin in the early 1970s was the first to implement the end-to-end principle, and make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data on a packet-switched network, rather than this being a service of the network itself. [13]
SIP-based telephony networks often implement call processing features of Signaling System 7 (SS7), for which special SIP protocol extensions exist, although the two protocols themselves are very different. SS7 is a centralized protocol, characterized by a complex central network architecture and dumb endpoints (traditional telephone handsets).
In telecommunications, a network-to-network interface (NNI) is an interface that specifies signaling and management functions between two networks. An NNI circuit can be used for interconnection of signalling (e.g., SS7 ), Internet Protocol (IP) (e.g., MPLS ) or ATM networks.