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For computational reasons, astronomical year numbering and the ISO 8601 standard designate years so that AD 1 = year 1, 1 BC = year 0, 2 BC = year −1, etc. [c] In common usage, ancient dates are expressed in the Julian calendar, but ISO 8601 uses the Gregorian calendar and astronomers may use a variety of time scales depending on the ...
For example, the 2007 World Almanac was the first edition to switch to BCE/CE, ending a period of 138 years in which the traditional BC/AD dating notation was used. BCE/CE is used by the College Board in its history tests, [ 59 ] and by the Norton Anthology of English Literature .
121 BC: Roman armies enter Gaul for the first time. 111 BC: First Chinese domination of Vietnam in the form of the Nanyue Kingdom. c. 100 BC: Chola dynasty rises in prominence. 100 BC – 100 AD: Bantu-speaking communities in the African Great Lakes regions develop iron forging techniques that enable them to produce carbon steel. [45]
11th millennium BC · 11,000–10,001 BC 10th millennium BC · 10,000–9001 BC 9th millennium BC · 9000–8001 BC 8th millennium BC · 8000–7001 BC 7th millennium BC · 7000–6001 BC 6th millennium BC · 6000–5001 BC 5th millennium BC · 5000–4001 BC 4th millennium BC · 4000–3001 BC 40th century BC: 39th century BC: 38th century BC ...
Years preceding AD 1 are numbered using the BC era, avoiding zero or negative numbers. AD was also used in the Christianized Julian calendar, but the first day of the year was either 1 March, Easter, 25 March (Feast of the Annunciation), 1
Iron Age Europe (c. 1050 BC – c. 500 AD) Early Iron Age (c. 1050 BC – 776 BC) – part of the Greek Dark Ages; Classical antiquity (776 BC – 476 AD) Archaic Greece (776 BC – 480 BC) – begins with the First Olympiad, traditionally dated 776 BC; Classical Greece (480 BC – 338 BC) Macedonian era (338 BC – 323 BC)
In 1627, the German astronomer Johannes Kepler, in his Rudolphine Tables, first used an astronomical year essentially as a year zero. He labeled it Christi and inserted it between years labeled Ante Christum and Post Christum —abbreviated BC and AD today, respectively— on the "mean motion" pages of the Sun, Moon, and planets. [11]
The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC and the last century BCE, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero; however, astronomical year numbering does use a zero, as well as a minus sign, so "2 BC" is equal to "year –1". 1st century AD (Anno Domini) follows.