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American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195089868. Bruton, Sheila; Ong, Faye (2000). Science content standards for California public schools : kindergarten through grade twelve (PDF). Sacramento, Calif.: Dept. of Education. ISBN 978-0-8011-1496-0
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
[4] [5] [6] A kinematics problem begins by describing the geometry of the system and declaring the initial conditions of any known values of position, velocity and/or acceleration of points within the system. Then, using arguments from geometry, the position, velocity and acceleration of any unknown parts of the system can be determined.
Consequently, the acceleration is the second derivative of position, [7] often written . Position, when thought of as a displacement from an origin point, is a vector: a quantity with both magnitude and direction. [9]: 1 Velocity and acceleration are vector quantities as well. The mathematical tools of vector algebra provide the means to ...
Velocity and acceleration in non-uniform circular motion. In non-uniform circular motion, an object moves in a circular path with varying speed. Since the speed is changing, there is tangential acceleration in addition to normal acceleration. The net acceleration is directed towards the interior of the circle (but does not pass through its center).
Kinematic quantities of a classical particle: mass m, position r, velocity v, acceleration a. While the terms speed and velocity are often colloquially used interchangeably to connote how fast an object is moving, in scientific terms they are different. Speed, the scalar magnitude of a velocity vector, denotes only how fast an object is moving ...
Unprimed quantities refer to position, velocity and acceleration in one frame F; primed quantities refer to position, velocity and acceleration in another frame F' moving at translational velocity V or angular velocity Ω relative to F. Conversely F moves at velocity (—V or —Ω) relative to F'. The situation is similar for relative ...
Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)