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Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, [5] is a basidiomycete of the genus Amanita. It is a large white- gilled , white-spotted, and usually red mushroom. Despite its easily distinguishable features, A. muscaria is a fungus with several known variations, or subspecies .
The stipe is 1–3 cm, more or less equal or narrowing upwards and slightly flaring at the apex. It is white to yellowish cream, densely stuffed with a pith, the skirt-like ring is membranous, persistent, the lower stipe and upper bulb are decorated with partial or complete concentric rings of volval material that are bright pale yellow to cream or sordid cream.
Amanita muscaria is edible if parboiled to leach out toxins; [19] fresh mushrooms cause vomiting, twitching, drowsiness, and hallucinations due to the presence of muscimol. Although present in A. muscaria, ibotenic acid is not in high enough concentration to produce any physical or psychological effects unless massive amounts are ingested.
Amanita muscaria var. formosa, known as the yellow orange fly agaric, is a hallucinogenic and poisonous [1] basidiomycete fungus of the genus Amanita.This variety, which can sometimes be distinguished from most other A. muscaria by its yellow cap, is a European taxon, although several North American field guides have referred A. muscaria var. guessowii to this name. [2]
A number of proposals were made, including one in 1968 by the American banker R. Gordon Wasson, an amateur ethnomycologist, who asserted that soma was an inebriant but not cannabis, and suggested fly-agaric mushroom, Amanita muscaria, as the likely candidate. Since its introduction in 1968, this theory has gained both detractors and followers ...
Amanita muscaria. Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested.
Amanita phalloides is the type species of Amanita section Phalloideae, a group that contains all of the deadly poisonous Amanita species thus far identified. Most notable of these are the species known as destroying angels , namely A. virosa , A. bisporigera and A. ocreata , as well as the fool's mushroom ( A. verna ) .
Amanita muscaria var. muscaria, known as the yellow fly agaric, is a variety of Amanita muscaria. Rodham Tulloss , and other experts on fungi, limit the habitat of this fly agaric variation to Eurasia and western Alaska .