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In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed. (Article 10) Additionally recognised minority language by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. [3] 2. Uzbekistan: Russian is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, having the status of ...
There is a Russian Association of Education, Culture and Cooperation, which aims to expand Russian language and culture in Turkey as well as promote the interests of the community. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , many Russians have fled to Turkey after Vladimir Putin announced a " partial mobilization " of military reservists ...
Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca of Turkmenistan in 1996. [32] According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 150,000 native speakers of Russian in the country and 100,000 active speakers. [33] Russian is spoken by 12% of the population, according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. [35]
Tens of thousands of Russians who fled to Turkey after Moscow's invasion of Ukraine have moved on to other countries in the last year, squeezed by residency issues and soaring costs, according to ...
Slavic and Turkic peoples have been in contact for centuries along the Eurasian Steppe.Medieval Turkic kingdoms like Khazaria, Cumania, Volga Bulgaria, the Kipchak Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Crimean Khanate, the Astrakhan Khanate and the Khanate of Sibir were established in parts of present-day Russia, with a continuing demographic, genetic, linguistic and cultural legacy.
On March 16, 1921, Turkey and Soviet Russia signed the Treaty of Moscow. On July 20, 1921, the treaty was ratified by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on July 20, and by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on July 31. On September 22, 1921, the instruments of ratification were exchanged in Kars. [citation needed]
During the 2000s, Russia witnessed increasing numbers of immigrants from Turkey; the number of Turkish labour migrants grew, on average, by 30–50% per annum. [8] By 2008, over 130,000 Turkish citizens were working in Russia; most Turkish immigrants are those who married Russians in Turkey and then came to reside in the homeland of their spouse.
The Soviet Union had long objected to the Montreux Convention of 1936 which gave Turkey sole control over shipping between the Bosphorus strait, an essential waterway for Russian exports. When the 1925 Soviet-Turkish Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality expired in 1945, the Soviet side chose not to renew the treaty.