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In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample mean converges to a standard normal distribution. This holds even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed. There are several versions of the CLT, each applying in the ...
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Pages in category "Central limit theorem" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total.
The means and variances of directional quantities are all finite, so that the central limit theorem may be applied to the particular case of directional statistics. [2] This article will deal only with unit vectors in 2-dimensional space (R 2) but the method described can be extended to the general case.
This section illustrates the central limit theorem via an example for which the computation can be done quickly by hand on paper, unlike the more computing-intensive example of the previous section. Sum of all permutations of length 1 selected from the set of integers 1, 2, 3
The asymptotic distribution can be further characterized in several different ways. First, the central limit theorem states that pointwise, ^ has asymptotically normal distribution with the standard rate of convergence: [2]
By the classical central limit theorem the properly normed sum of a set of random variables, each with finite variance, will tend toward a normal distribution as the number of variables increases. Without the finite variance assumption, the limit may be a stable distribution that is not normal.
The law of iterated logarithms operates "in between" the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.There are two versions of the law of large numbers — the weak and the strong — and they both state that the sums S n, scaled by n −1, converge to zero, respectively in probability and almost surely:
The central limit theorem gives only an asymptotic distribution. As an approximation for a finite number of observations, it provides a reasonable approximation only when close to the peak of the normal distribution; it requires a very large number of observations to stretch into the tails.