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  2. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    The electrons are transferred to plastoquinone and two protons, generating plastoquinol, which released into the membrane as a mobile electron carrier. This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning ...

  3. Calvin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle

    F6P has two carbons removed by transketolase, giving erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P). The two carbons on transketolase are added to a G3P, giving the ketose xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P). [citation needed] E4P and a DHAP (formed from one of the G3P from the second CO 2 fixation) are converted into sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate (7C) by aldolase enzyme.

  4. Scientific theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory

    In this approach, theories are a specific category of models that fulfill the necessary criteria (see above). One can use language to describe a model; however, the theory is the model (or a collection of similar models), and not the description of the model. A model of the solar system, for example, might consist of abstract objects that ...

  5. Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionation_of_carbon...

    Carbon on Earth naturally occurs in two stable isotopes, with 98.9% in the form of 12 C and 1.1% in 13 C. [1] [8] The ratio between these isotopes varies in biological organisms due to metabolic processes that selectively use one carbon isotope over the other, or "fractionate" carbon through kinetic or thermodynamic effects. [1]

  6. Photosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem

    Studies have actually demonstrated that the two wavelengths together have a synergistic effect on the photosynthetic activity, rather than an additive one. [1] Each photosystem has two parts: a reaction center, where the photochemistry occurs, and an antenna complex, which surrounds the reaction center.

  7. It Turns Out, Photosynthesis Only Takes One Photon - AOL

    www.aol.com/turns-photosynthesis-only-takes-one...

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  8. Photophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation

    This word is taken from two Greek words, photos, which means light, and synthesis, which in chemistry means making a substance by combining simpler substances. So, in the presence of light, synthesis of food is called 'photosynthesis'. Noncyclic photophosphorylation through light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane.

  9. Scientific modelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling

    In any case, users of a model need to understand the assumptions made that are pertinent to its validity for a given use. Building a model requires abstraction. Assumptions are used in modelling in order to specify the domain of application of the model. For example, the special theory of relativity assumes an inertial frame of reference.