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Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and role of the government in the economy. [1] Within academic settings, public finance is a widely studied subject in many branches of political science , political economy and public economics .
Two areas of finance directly overlap financial management: (i) Managerial finance is the (academic) branch of finance concerned with the managerial application of financial techniques; (ii) Corporate finance is mainly concerned with the longer term capital budgeting, and typically is more relevant to large corporations.
Up to a certain point, the use of debt (such as bonds or bank loans) in a company's capital structure is beneficial. When debt is a portion of a firm's capital structure, it permits the company to achieve greater earnings per share than would be possible by issuing equity.
Quantum finance involves applying quantum mechanical approaches to financial theory, providing novel methods and perspectives in the field. [40] Quantum finance is an interdisciplinary field, in which theories and methods developed by quantum physicists and economists are applied to solve financial problems. It represents a branch known as ...
The concept "innovative financing for development" was first mentioned and introduced at the International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002. The Conference led to what is now called the Monterrey Consensus where signatories acknowledged "…the value of exploring innovative sources of finance provided that those sources do not unduly burden developing countries."
Financial institutions provide long term finance, which are not provided by commercial banks; The funds are made available even during periods of depression, when other sources of finance are not available; Obtaining loan from financial institutions increases the goodwill of the borrowing in the capital market .
An individual can tap into multiple sources of income to satisfy their income needs and maintain desired lifestyle after achieving financial independence. The following is a non-exhaustive list of sources of income. Bank fixed deposits and monthly income schemes; Business ownership (if the business does not require active operation)
Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]