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Government revenue or national revenue is money received by a government from taxes and non-tax sources to enable it, assuming full resource employment, to undertake non-inflationary public expenditure. Government revenue as well as government spending are components of the government budget and important tools of the government's fiscal policy.
Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and role of the government in the economy. [1] Within academic settings, public finance is a widely studied subject in many branches of political science , political economy and public economics .
Vis-à-vis tax revenues, much less academic study has been conducted into the volume and distribution of non-tax revenues, [2] although the most significant forms — oil and natural gas revenues and foreign aid — have been extensively studied since Hossein Mahdavy’s seminal 1970 analysis of the Imperial State of Iran.
Quantum finance involves applying quantum mechanical approaches to financial theory, providing novel methods and perspectives in the field. [40] Quantum finance is an interdisciplinary field, in which theories and methods developed by quantum physicists and economists are applied to solve financial problems. It represents a branch known as ...
Finance capitalism or financial capitalism is the subordination of processes of production to the accumulation of money profits in a financial system. [6]Financial capitalism is thus a form of capitalism where the intermediation of saving to investment becomes a dominant function in the economy, with wider implications for the political process and social evolution. [7]
A revenue stream is a source (or category of sources) of revenue of a company, other organization, or regional or national economy.. In business, a revenue stream is generally made up of either recurring revenue, transaction-based revenue, project revenue, or service revenue.
There is a diversity of definitions used by bodies such as NGOs and think tanks, but in its broadest sense, financial literacy is an understanding of money. [8] Some of the definitions below are closely aligned with "skills and knowledge", whereas others take broader views, and some are from academic research which is tested and validated:
UML class diagram depicting a banking system. Banks are financial intermediaries that lend money to borrowers to generate revenue and accept deposits . They are typically regulated heavily, as they provide market stability and consumer protection. Banks include: [citation needed] Public banks; Commercial banks; Central banks; Cooperative banks