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Schematic of the Birkeland or Field-Aligned Currents and the ionospheric current systems they connect to, Pedersen and Hall currents. [1] A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current, FAC) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere.
The ring current system consists of a band, at a distance of 3 to 8 R E, [1] which lies in the equatorial plane and circulates clockwise around the Earth (when viewed from the north). The particles of this region produce a magnetic field in opposition to the Earth's magnetic field and so an Earthly observer would observe a decrease in the ...
In the height region between about 85 and 200 km altitude on Earth, the ionospheric plasma is electrically conducting. Atmospheric tidal winds due to differential solar heating or due to gravitational lunar forcing move the ionospheric plasma against the geomagnetic field lines thus generating electric fields and currents just like a dynamo coil moving against magnetic field lines.
This current reduces the magnetic field at the Earth's surface. [27] Particles that penetrate the ionosphere and collide with the atoms there give rise to the lights of the aurorae while also emitting X-rays. [28] The varying conditions in the magnetosphere, known as space weather, are largely driven by solar
It is the second longest state route in Ohio. For this reason, the road is also known as the 3-C Highway , a designation which antedates the Ohio state highway system. [ 2 ] It is the only state route to enter all three of Ohio's largest cities, though it has largely been bypassed by Interstate 71 (I-71).
County roads in Ohio comprise 29,088 center line miles (46,813 km), making up 24% of the state's public roadways as of April 2015. [2] Ohio state law delegates the maintenance and designation of these county roads to the boards of commissioners and highway departments of its 88 counties . [ 3 ]
current US 68: 178.97: 288.02 US 62/US 68 near Aberdeen: I-75/SR 15 in Findlay: 1933: current US 127: 194.27: 312.65 US 25/US 42/US 127 in Cincinnati: US 127 near Alvordton: 1926: current US 223: 0.66: 1.06 US 23, SR 51 & SR 184 in Sylvania: US 23/US 223 at the Michigan state line 1930: current Completely concurrent with US 23 in Ohio
The plasmasphere, or inner magnetosphere, is a region of the Earth's magnetosphere consisting of low-energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere . The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause , which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.