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  2. Effusive eruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effusive_eruption

    Effusive eruptions are most common in basaltic magmas, but they also occur in intermediate and felsic magmas. These eruptions form lava flows and lava domes, each of which vary in shape, length, and width. [2] Deep in the crust, gasses are dissolved into the magma because of high pressures, but upon ascent and eruption, pressure drops rapidly ...

  3. Types of volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions

    Types of volcanic eruptions. Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption. Several types of volcanic eruptions —during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure —have been distinguished by ...

  4. Explosive eruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption

    In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure within a viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent.

  5. List of largest volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_volcanic...

    [1] [2] Volcanic eruptions can generally be characterized as either explosive eruptions, sudden ejections of rock and ash, or effusive eruptions, relatively gentle outpourings of lava. [3] A separate list is given below for each type. There have probably been many such eruptions during Earth's history beyond those shown in these lists.

  6. Volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

    A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. The process that forms volcanoes is called volcanism. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth ...

  7. Volcanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism

    A gentle, or effusive, volcanic eruption, in which liquid material (lava) gently flows from a vent, in this case in south-eastern Hawai’i island Satellite animation of the initial ash plume and shockwave of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami. The massive explosive eruption was hundreds of times more powerful than the ...

  8. Volcanic cone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone

    Unlike shield volcanoes, they are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, often alternating, explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions. Some have collapsed craters called calderas . The central core of a stratocone is commonly dominated by a central core of intrusive rocks that range from around 500 meters (1,600 ft) to over several ...

  9. Lava - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava

    A lava flow is an outpouring of lava during an effusive eruption. (An explosive eruption, by contrast, produces a mixture of volcanic ash and other fragments called tephra, not lava flows.) The viscosity of most lava is about that of ketchup, roughly 10,000 to 100,000 times that of water. Even so, lava can flow great distances before cooling ...