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The signs and symptoms of these may present during a dive, on surfacing, or up to several hours after a dive. The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism), nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity, and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung).
Acute localized ischemia of these structures also may be an important cause. Especially in children, vestibular neuritis may be preceded by symptoms of a common cold. However, the causative mechanism remains uncertain. [14] This can also be brought on by pressure changes such as those experienced while flying or scuba diving. [15] [16] [17]
Decompression illness – Disorders arising from ambient pressure reduction; Decompression theory – Theoretical modelling of decompression physiology; Diving disorders – Physiological disorders resulting from underwater diving; Inner ear decompression sickness – Medical condition caused by inert gas bubbles forming out of solution
Dysbarism refers to medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure. [1] Various activities are associated with pressure changes. Underwater diving is the most frequently cited example, but pressure changes also affect people who work in other pressurized environments (for example, caisson workers), and people who move between different altitudes.
Avascular necrosis(AVN), also called osteonecrosisor bone infarction, is deathof bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply.[1] Early on, there may be no symptoms.[1] Gradually joint painmay develop, which may limit the person's ability to move.[1] Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby jointsurface.
Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury and death worldwide, and the highest rates are among children. Overall, drowning is the most common fatal injury among children aged 1–4 years in the USA, [8] and is the second highest cause of death altogether in that age range, after congenital defects. [9] [10]
Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder. People with Cornelia de Lange syndrome experience a range of physical, cognitive, and medical challenges ranging from mild to severe. Cornelia de Lange syndrome has a widely varied phenotype, meaning people with the syndrome have varied features and challenges.
Trigonocephaly is a congenital condition due to premature fusion of the metopic suture (from Ancient Greek metopon 'forehead'), leading to a triangular forehead. The premature merging of the two frontal bones leads to transverse growth restriction and parallel growth expansion.