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The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
hide. The health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) include a range of potential risks such as exposure to toxic chemicals, the possibility of increased likelihood of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and concerns about their possible role in cancer development. Upon their introduction, there were marketing claims that they ...
About 64% reported using nicotine-containing products; 11% reported exclusive use of nicotine-containing products. [3] On September 28, 2019, the first case of vaping-associated pulmonary injury was identified in Canada. [77] A number of other probable cases have been reported in British Columbia and New Brunswick as of October 2019. [78]
Nicotine dependence[notes 2] is a state of substance dependence on nicotine. [3] It is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a compulsive craving to use the drug despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [7] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [8]
Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [ 163 ]
The nicotine patch can also cause strange dreams if worn while asleep. [20] Nasal sprays commonly cause nasal irritation, watering eyes, and coughing. [31] Serious risks include nicotine poisoning, which includes symptoms like visual disturbances, hyper-salivation, nausea, and vomiting; and continued addiction to nicotine products. [1]
Nicotine is associated with cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning. [148] In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer, but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo. [148] There is inadequate research to show that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans. [170]
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. [1][2][3] Withdrawal symptoms make ...