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The kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method is a Monte Carlo method computer simulation intended to simulate the time evolution of some processes occurring in nature. Typically these are processes that occur with known transition rates among states. These rates are inputs to the KMC algorithm; the method itself cannot predict them.
KMC counsel members (1884-2016) SN Tenure Counsel head and post Members 1 1884 32 2 1910 36 3 1933 Jamshed Nusserwanji Mehta: 57 4 1979-1983 Abdul Sattar Afghani (Mayor) 166 5 1983-1987 Abdul Sattar Afghani (Mayor) 232 6 1988-1992 Dr. Farooq Sattar (Mayor) 77 7 2001-2005 Naimatullah Khan (Mayor) 255 8 2005-2010 Syed Mustafa Kamal (Nazim Karachi ...
Five District Municipal Corporations (DMC) were established in 1987. The KMC was abolished in 2000 and 5 DMC's were merged in City District Karachi. The City District Karachi was divided in 18 Towns and 178 union councils. In 2011 Sindh Government restored again Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) and 5 District Municipal Corporations (DMC).
Site-directed mutagenesis is used to generate mutations that may produce a rationally designed protein that has improved or special properties (i.e.protein engineering). Investigative tools – specific mutations in DNA allow the function and properties of a DNA sequence or a protein to be investigated in a rational approach. Furthermore ...
The calculation of prior probabilities depends on available data from the genome being studied, and the type of analysis being performed. For studies where good reference data containing frequencies of known mutations is available (for example, in studying human genome data), these known frequencies of genotypes in the population can be used to estimate priors.
Types of mutations that can be introduced by random, site-directed, combinatorial, or insertional mutagenesis. In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms. The ...
Subfunctionalization is a neutral mutation process in which each paralog retains a subset of its original ancestral function. The figure illustrates that the ancestral gene (orange & blue) is capable of both functions before gene duplication. After gene duplication the functional capabilities are divided amongst the gene copies.
A hitchhiker mutation (or passenger mutation in cancer biology) may itself be neutral, advantageous, or deleterious. [ 7 ] Recombination can interrupt the process of genetic hitchhiking, ending it before the hitchhiking neutral or deleterious allele becomes fixed or goes extinct. [ 6 ]