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The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum ).
Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1813) and the German Confederation created by the ...
The list below gives the chancellors of West Germany; the government of East Germany was headed by the chairman of the Council of Ministers. [8] In 1990, East Germany was dissolved as it merged with West Germany; Germany was reunified. It retained the name of the Federal Republic of Germany. [9] Political parties: CDU (5) [a] SPD (4)
In the days leading up to Germany's surrender in World War I, the revolution of 1918–1919 broke out and led to the collapse of the German Empire.The Council of the People's Deputies – the revolutionary interim government made up of three members from the Majority Social Democratic Party (SPD) and three from the more radical Independent Social Democrats (USPD) – wanted a popularly elected ...
In 1919, attaining the goals would have required the overthrow of the Ebert government. [116] General strikes were called in Upper Silesia in January, in the Ruhr district in February [117] and in Saxony and Thuringia in February and March. In Berlin, members of the USPD and KPD called for a general strike that started on 4 March.
The president of Germany (German: Reichspräsident, lit. ' president of the Reich ' ) was the head of state under the Weimar Constitution , which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945, encompassing the periods of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany .
The coat of arms of the Weimar Republic shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the "Flag and coat of arms" section. The flag of Nazi Germany shown above is the version introduced after the fall of the Weimar Republic in 1933 and used till 1935, when it was replaced by the swastika flag , similar, but not exactly the same as the flag of the Nazi Party that had ...
19 January – German federal election, 1919; 11 February - German presidential election, 1919; 13 February – Scheidemann cabinet are sworn in. 29 March – University of Hamburg is established. 21 June – Bauer cabinet are sworn in.