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Secular humanism focuses on the way human beings can lead happy and functional lives. It posits that human beings are capable of being ethical and moral without religion or God, it neither assumes humans to be inherently evil or innately good, nor presents humans as "above nature" or superior to it. Rather, the humanist life stance emphasizes ...
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality.
Émile Durkheim saw the social, not the instinctual side of mankind, as the key to their religious experience. [15]Theologians have questioned the utility of an approach to religion by way of a so-called instinct; [16] psychologists have disputed the existence of any such specific instinct; [17] while others would point to the advance of secularization in the modern world as refuting the ...
Historically, the words religious and spiritual have been used synonymously to describe all the various aspects of the concept of religion. [1] However, religion is a highly contested term with scholars such as Russell McCutcheon arguing that the term "religion" is used as a way to name a "seemingly distinct domain of diverse items of human activity and production". [6]
According to Stephen Gaukroger: "It was generally assumed in the 17th century that religion provided the unique basis for morality, and that without religion, there could be no morality." [18] This view slowly shifted over time. In 1690, Pierre Bayle asserted that religion "is neither necessary nor sufficient for morality". [18]
According to Stephen Hawking, the human race is in danger of being wiped out in the next 100 years, and it's all our own fault. According to the BBC, the physicist says he believes humanity will ...
It states that "not only can faith and reason never be opposed to one another, but they are of mutual aid one to the other". [ 7 ] Recent popes have spoken about faith and rationality: Fides et ratio , an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 14 September 1998, deals with the relationship between faith and reason.
When a man is shot with an arrow thickly smeared with poison, his family summons a doctor to have the poison removed, and the doctor gives an antidote: [9] But the man refuses to let the doctor do anything before certain questions can be answered. The wounded man demands to know who shot the arrow, what his caste and job is, and why he shot him.