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15,000 to 20,000. Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. [1][2][3][4] It differs from persistent vegetative state, in which the person is alive and some autonomic functions remain. [5] It is also distinct from comas as long ...
MeSH. D015600. LOINC. 35088-4. The Glasgow Coma Scale[1] (GCS) is a clinical scale used to reliably measure a person's level of consciousness after a brain injury. The GCS assesses a person based on their ability to perform eye movements, speak, and move their body. These three behaviours make up the three elements of the scale: eye, verbal ...
Brainstem death is a clinical syndrome defined by the absence of reflexes with pathways through the brainstem – the "stalk" of the brain, which connects the spinal cord to the mid-brain, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres – in a deeply comatose, ventilator -dependent patient. Identification of this state carries a very grave prognosis for ...
Lazarus sign. The Lazarus sign or Lazarus reflex is a reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients, [1] which causes them to briefly raise their arms and drop them crossed on their chests (in a position similar to some Egyptian mummies). [2][3] The phenomenon is named after the Biblical figure Lazarus of Bethany, [4] whom Jesus ...
The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, abbreviated RPQ, is a questionnaire that can be administered to someone who sustains a concussion or other form of traumatic brain injury to measure the severity of symptoms. The RPQ is used to determine the presence and severity of post-concussion syndrome (PCS), a set of somatic, cognitive ...
Intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known asintraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.
89.13. MeSH. D009460. [edit on Wikidata] A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. [1] It was pioneered in 1927 by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, who also helped develop thorotrast for use ...