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Pia mater (/ ˈ p aɪ. ə ˈ m eɪ t ər / or / ˈ p iː ə ˈ m ɑː t ər /), [1] often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges are three membrane layers that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord. These meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Pia is the innermost layer of the meninges, the connective tissue layers that surround the central nervous system. It is a thin, transparent, delicate layer that hugs the surface of the brain and spinal cord , closely following its contours.
Pia Mater. The pia mater is located underneath the sub-arachnoid space. It is very thin, and tightly adhered to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It is the only covering to follow the contours of the brain (the gyri and fissures).
The term “pia mater” means “tender matter.” It is composed of delicate connective tissue and has many tiny blood vessels. The pia mater is the only layer that clings tightly to the brain and follows all of its convolutions.
The cranial pia mater is a highly vascular membrane that closely follows the contours of the brain. It doesn’t lie on the surface of the brain directly but rather is separated from it by a thin space called the subpial space formed by the end-feet of the astrocytes (glia limitans).
Pia Mater. The deepest layer of the meninges, the pia mater, is composed of two layers and, unlike the arachnoid, follows the contours of the sulci and gyri. The outer layer of the pia, referred to as the epipial layer, contains collagen fibers; the inner layer, or the intima pia, contains elastic and reticular fibers.
The pia mater is a delicate, highly vascular layer that directly invests the brain and spinal cord. The cranial pia mater follows the contour of the brain, covers the gyri, and descends into the fissures and sulci (Figs. 1, 2, and 3). The spinal pia mater also directly encloses the spinal cord throughout its entire length.
Three layers called the meninges encase the brain and spinal cord. From superficial to deep, these layers are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is a dense connective tissue layer that is adherent to the inner surface of the skull.
The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges. Unlike the dura and arachnoid, the cranial pia closely follows the contours of the brain, including the grooves and folds (sulci and gyri).