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Diabetes medication. Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic ...
[15] [29] Metformin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, [30] and is the most widely used medication for diabetes taken by mouth. [28] It is available as a generic medication. [15] In 2021, it was the second most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 91 million prescriptions. [31] [32]
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ( DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2 . The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ( AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar ). Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars ( monosaccharides) by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining ...
Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. [ 2] It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin. [ 2][ 3] Use is recommended together with exercise and diet. [ 3] It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. [ 3] It is taken by mouth.
SGLT2 inhibitor. SGLT2 inhibitors (also called gliflozins or flozins) are a class of medications that inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins in the nephron (the functional units of the kidney ), unlike SGLT1 inhibitors that perform a similar function in the intestinal mucosa. The foremost metabolic effect of this is to inhibit reabsorption ...
Side effects. Side effects include weight gain and hypoglycemia. While the potential for hypoglycemia is less than for those on sulfonylureas, [citation needed] it is still a serious potential side effect that can be life-threatening. Patients on this medication should know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and appropriate management.
Acarbose ( INN) [ 1][ 2] is an anti-diabetic drug used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2 and, in some countries, prediabetes. It is a generic sold in Europe and China as Glucobay ( Bayer AG ), in North America as Precose ( Bayer Pharmaceuticals ), and in Canada as Prandase ( Bayer AG ). Acarbose is a starch blocker.