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A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. [1][2][3] Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878. [4] A majority of Bell System subscribers in the mid-20th ...
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud, or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both. [1] It differs from but often goes hand-in-hand with voter suppression.
e. Advanced Placement (AP) World History: Modern (also known as AP World History, AP World, APWH, or WHAP) is a college-level course and examination offered to high school students in the United States through the College Board 's Advanced Placement program. AP World History: Modern was designed to help students develop a greater understanding ...
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections. [1] Multi-party systems tend to be more common in countries using proportional representation compared to those using winner-take-all elections, a result known as Duverger's law .
Definition. Comparative politics is the systematic study and comparison of the diverse political systems in the world. It is comparative in searching to explain why different political systems have similarities or differences and how developmental changes came to be between them. It is systematic in that it looks for trends, patterns, and ...
The Ringing World is a weekly journal devoted entirely to bell ringing and is the official journal of the Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. It is published in the UK as a paper periodical and an online edition, in 2018 it had an average weekly circulation of 2,627. It records notable ringing performances, carries features on bells ...
v. t. e. Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which the candidates in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality) are elected. [1] Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member districts, plurality voting is called single member [district] plurality (SMP), [2][3 ...
Electoral fusion is also known as fusion voting, cross endorsement, multiple party nomination, multi-party nomination, plural nomination, and ballot freedom. [3][4] Electoral fusion was once widespread in the United States; however, as of 2024, it remains legal and common only in New York and Connecticut. It was once legal in every state and ...