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History of typhoid fever. In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [1] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [2] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [3] Infants, children, and adolescents in south-central and Southeast ...
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2][3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4][5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Known for. Asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938), commonly known as Typhoid Mary, was an Irish-born American cook who is believed to have infected between 51 and 122 people with typhoid fever. The infections caused three confirmed deaths, with unconfirmed estimates of as many as 50.
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ][ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice, in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas ...
Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis (14 April 1787 – 22 August 1872 [1]) was a French physician, clinician and pathologist known for his studies on tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and pneumonia, but Louis's greatest contribution to medicine was the development of the "numerical method", forerunner to epidemiology and the modern clinical trial, [2] paving the path for evidence-based medicine.
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1][2][3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question.
Susie Reed (adopted aboriginal American child) Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 – November 22, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that confirmed the theory of Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species rather than by direct contact.
Institutions. Netley Hospital. St Mary's Hospital, London. Sir Almroth Edward Wright KBE CB FRCSI FRS (10 August 1861 – 30 April 1947) was a British bacteriologist and immunologist. [2] He is notable for developing a system of anti- typhoid fever inoculation, recognizing early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria, and being a ...