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Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. [ 6] Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes. [ 1] The fluid from the nose is usually clear ...
Loratadine. Loratadine, sold under the brand name Claritin among others, is a medication used to treat allergies. [5] This includes allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and hives. [5] It is also available in drug combinations such as loratadine/pseudoephedrine, in which it is combined with pseudoephedrine, a nasal decongestant. [5]
Allergic conjunctivitis ( AC) is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy. [ 1] Although allergens differ among patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels ), edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva ...
Frequency. ~20% [5] Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is the condition of having dry eyes. [2] Symptoms include dryness in the eye, irritation, redness, discharge, blurred vision, and easily fatigued eyes. Symptoms range from mild and occasional to severe and continuous. [3]
Cyproheptadine. Liver, [3] [4] mostly CYP3A4 mediated. Cyproheptadine, sold under the brand name Periactin among others, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties. It was patented in 1959 and came into medical use in 1961. [5]
Antihistamines that target the histamine H 1 -receptor are used to treat allergic reactions in the nose (e.g., itching, runny nose, and sneezing). In addition, they may be used to treat insomnia, motion sickness, or vertigo caused by problems with the inner ear. H 2 -antihistamines bind to histamine H 2 receptors in the upper gastrointestinal ...
Bilastine. Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives ( urticaria ), allergic rhinitis and itchy inflamed eyes ( allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. [5] It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histamine H 1 receptor, preventing these allergic reactions. [6]
Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause. [3] It is less sedating than older antihistamines. [4] It is taken by mouth. [3] Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough, vomiting, and ...