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The depth of penetration depends on the frequency of the microwaves and the tissue type. The Active Denial System ("pain ray") is a less-lethal directed energy weapon that employs a microwave beam at 95 GHz; a two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) at a depth of 1/64th of an inch (0.4 mm) and is claimed to cause skin pain without lasting ...
A burn is an injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or ultraviolet radiation (such as sunburn ). [ 5][ 9] Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids (called scalding ), solids, or fire. [ 10] Burns occur mainly in the home or the workplace. In the home, risks are associated with domestic ...
Aerosol burn. An aerosol frostbite of the skin is an injury to the body caused by the pressurized gas within an aerosol spray cooling quickly, with the sudden drop in temperature sufficient to cause frostbite to the applied area. [1] Medical studies have noted an increase of this practice, known as "frosting", in pediatric and teenage patients.
A hydrofluoric acid burn is a chemical burn from hydrofluoric acid. [1] Where it contacts the skin it results in significant pain, swelling, redness, and skin breakdown. [1] [2] If the fumes are breathed in swelling of the upper airway and bleeding may occur. [2] Complications can include electrolyte, heart, lung, kidney, and neurological problems.
Dysesthesia is an unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch. Its etymology comes from the Greek word "dys," meaning "bad," and "aesthesis," which means "sensation" (abnormal sensation). It often presents as pain [ 1] but may also present as an inappropriate, but not discomforting, sensation. It is caused by lesions of the nervous system, peripheral ...
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation of the skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause. [ 1] Paresthesia may be transient or chronic, and may have many possible underlying causes. [ 1] Paresthesias are usually painless and can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly occur in the arms and legs.
Lightning injuries are injuries caused by a lightning strike. [4] Initial symptoms may include heart asystole and respiratory arrest. [1] While the asystole may spontaneously resolve fairly rapidly, the respiratory arrest is typically more prolonged. [1] Other symptoms may include burns and blunt injuries. [1]
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid, sulfur mustard, and dimethyl sulfate, may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.