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The neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions. Traditionally, sleep has been studied as part of psychology and medicine. [1] The study of sleep from a neuroscience perspective grew to prominence with advances in technology and the proliferation of neuroscience ...
Sharp waves and ripples. Sharp waves and ripples (SWRs) are oscillatory patterns produced by extremely synchronised activity of neurons in the mammalian hippocampus and neighbouring regions which occur spontaneously in idle waking states or during NREM sleep. [1] They can be observed with a variety of imaging methods, such as EEG.
Restless legs syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea. K-complex. A K-complex is a waveform that may be seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG). It occurs during stage 2 NREM sleep. It is the "largest event in healthy human EEG". [ 1 ] They are more frequent in the first sleep cycles. K-complexes have two proposed functions: [ 1 ] first, suppressing ...
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cerebral function monitoring (CFM) or continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) is a technique for monitoring brain function in intensive care settings over longer periods of time than the traditional electroencephalogram (EEG), typically hours to days. By placing electrodes on the scalp of the ...
Sleep stages are characterized by spectral content of EEG: for instance, stage N1 refers to the transition of the brain from alpha waves (common in the awake state) to theta waves, whereas stage N3 (deep or slow-wave sleep) is characterized by the presence of delta waves. [107] The normal order of sleep stages is N1 → N2 → N3 → N2 → REM.
As opposed to the awake form of alpha activity, this form is located in a frontal-central location in the brain. The purpose of alpha activity during REM sleep has yet to be fully understood. Currently, there are arguments that alpha patterns are a normal part of REM sleep, and for the notion that it indicates a semi-arousal period.
Sleep spindlesare bursts of neural oscillatory activitythat are generated by interplay of the thalamic reticular nucleus(TRN) and other thalamicnuclei during stage 2 NREM sleepin a frequency range of ~11 to 16 Hz (usually 12–14 Hz) with a duration of 0.5 seconds or greater (usually 0.5–1.5 seconds). [1][2][3]After generation as an ...
Hippocampus. The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, ' seahorse ') is a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of ...