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  2. Mantle (clothing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)

    A mantle (from old French mantel, from mantellum, the Latin term for a cloak) is a type of loose garment usually worn over indoor clothing to serve the same purpose as an overcoat. Technically, the term describes a long, loose cape -like cloak worn from the 12th to the 16th century by both sexes, although by the 19th century, it was used to ...

  3. Mantle convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_convection

    Mantle convection. Simplified model of mantle convection: [1] Whole-mantle convection. Mantle convection is the very slow creep of Earth's solid silicate mantle as convection currents carry heat from the interior to the planet's surface. [2][3] Mantle convection causes tectonic plates to move around the Earth's surface. [4]

  4. Xenolith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenolith

    Gabbroic xenolith in andesite, Tertiary of Wyoming, USA Olivine weathering to iddingsite within a mantle xenolith. A xenolith ("foreign rock") is a rock fragment (country rock) that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification.

  5. Glossary of bird terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms

    A small, freely-moving projection on the anterior edge of the wing of modern birds (and a few non-avian dinosaurs)—a bird's "thumb"—the word is Latin and means 'winglet'; it is the diminutive of ala, meaning 'wing'. Alula typically bear three to five small flight feathers, with the exact number depending on the species.

  6. Earth's mantle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_mantle

    Earth's mantle. The internal structure of Earth. Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. It has a mass of 4.01 × 10 24 kg (8.84 × 10 24 lb) and makes up 67% of the mass of Earth. [ 1 ] It has a thickness of 2,900 kilometers (1,800 mi) [ 1 ] making up about 46% of Earth's radius and 84% of Earth's volume.

  7. Crustal recycling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustal_recycling

    Understanding predictions of mantle dynamics helps geoscientists predict where subducted crust will end up. Crustal recycling is a tectonic process by which surface material from the lithosphere is recycled into the mantle by subduction erosion or delamination. The subducting slabs carry volatile compounds and water into the mantle, as well as ...

  8. Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crust

    Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth 's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1] The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates whose motion allows heat to escape ...

  9. Mantle (monastic vesture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)

    Mantle (monastic vesture) Bishop Mercurius of Zaraysk wearing the episcopal mantle (St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Manhattan). A mantle (Koinē Greek: μανδύας, romanized: mandyas; Church Slavonic: мантия, romanized: mantiya) is an ecclesiastical garment in the form of a very full cape that extends to the floor, joined at ...