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Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fact, Borel's theorem implies that every power series is the Taylor series of some smooth function. In many situations, the center c is equal to zero, for instance for Maclaurin series.
Many applications of the convolution power rely on being able to define the analog of analytic functions as formal power series with powers replaced instead by the convolution power. Thus if F ( z ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ a n z n {\displaystyle \textstyle {F(z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}z^{n}}} is an analytic function, then one would like to be able ...
Zariski's main theorem: power series form [ edit ] A formal power series version of Zariski's main theorem says that if x is a normal point of a variety then it is analytically normal ; in other words the completion of the local ring at x is a normal integral domain ( Mumford 1999 , III.9).
Each type of convergence corresponds to a different metric for the space of functions that are added together in the series, and thus a different type of limit. The Weierstrass M-test is a useful result in studying convergence of function series.
A formal power series can be loosely thought of as an object that is like a polynomial, but with infinitely many terms.Alternatively, for those familiar with power series (or Taylor series), one may think of a formal power series as a power series in which we ignore questions of convergence by not assuming that the variable X denotes any numerical value (not even an unknown value).
Normal convergence implies norm-topology convergence if and only if the space of functions under consideration is complete with respect to the uniform norm. (The converse does not hold even for complete function spaces: for example, consider the harmonic series as a sequence of constant functions).
Since differentiation is a linear operation on the space of differentiable functions, polynomials can also be differentiated using this rule. The power rule underlies the Taylor series as it relates a power series with a function's derivatives. The rule was derived from Isaac Newtons Ideas, but there is a conspiracy theory that he stole it from ...
In mathematics, an asymptotic expansion, asymptotic series or Poincaré expansion (after Henri Poincaré) is a formal series of functions which has the property that truncating the series after a finite number of terms provides an approximation to a given function as the argument of the function tends towards a particular, often infinite, point.