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The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, as well as cancer cells, parasitic worms, and also objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major ...
Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor.
The immune system has innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity is present in all metazoans, [1] immune responses: inflammatory responses and phagocytosis. [2] The adaptive component, on the other hand, involves more advanced lymphatic cells that can distinguish between specific "non-self" substances in the presence of "self".
The study of the molecular and cellular components that form the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system is divided into a more primitive innate immune system and an acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, each of which contain both humoral and cellular immune ...
The antigen cannot elicit the immune response without the help of an immunologic adjuvant. [13] Similarly, the adjuvant component of vaccines plays an essential role in the activation of the innate immune system. [14] [15] An immunogen is an antigen substance (or adduct) that is able to trigger a humoral (innate) or cell-mediated immune ...
Entering the systemic immune system, these antigens are recognized as foreign and an immune response is mounted against them. The result is the sensitization of immune cells against a self-protein, causing an autoimmune attack on both the damaged eye and the non-damaged eye.
In immunology, immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen.Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency (also known as immuno-incompetence or being immuno-compromised).
This immune "relaxation" is incorporated throughout the immune system, decreasing immune responses against harmless allergens, gut flora, and the body itself. [9] Importance of T helper cells in an immune response: T helper cells recognize antigens from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and then release cytokines and activate other immune cells ...