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The Air Motion Transformer (AMT) is a type of electroacoustic transducer.Invented by Oskar Heil (1908–1994), it operates on a different transduction principle from other loudspeaker designs, such as moving coil, planar magnetic or electrostatically-driven loudspeakers, and should not be confused with planar or true ribbon loudspeakers.
This system has a characteristic mass and stiffness, and a resonant frequency at which the system will vibrate freely. This frequency is known as the free-space resonance of the loudspeaker and is designated by F s. At this frequency, the voice coil is vibrating in the speaker's magnetic field with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude and velocity.
Schematic showing an electrostatic speaker's construction and its connections. The thickness of the diaphragm and grids has been exaggerated for the purpose of illustration. An electrostatic loudspeaker (ESL) is a loudspeaker design in which sound is generated by the force exerted on a membrane suspended in an electrostatic field.
Special-purpose transformers capable of handling 1250 watts down as low as 50 Hz are available. [4] One problem with high power, high current transformers is that fewer can be used on a single constant-voltage line. Larger diameter speaker wire is recommended. Larger transformers needed for high power handling have reduced high-frequency response.
In a loudspeaker, a phase plug, phasing plug or acoustical transformer is a mechanical interface between a speaker driver and the audience. The phase plug extends high frequency response because it guides waves outward toward the listener rather than allowing them to interact destructively near the driver.
An initial SFRA test is carried out to obtain the signature of the transformer frequency response by injecting various discreet frequencies. This reference is then used for future comparisons. A change in winding position, degradation in the insulation, etc. will result in change in capacitance or inductance thereby affecting the measured curves.
Magnitude response of a low pass filter with 6 dB per octave or 20 dB per decade roll-off. Measuring the frequency response typically involves exciting the system with an input signal and measuring the resulting output signal, calculating the frequency spectra of the two signals (for example, using the fast Fourier transform for discrete signals), and comparing the spectra to isolate the ...
Frequency response; Off-axis response dispersion pattern, lobing; Sensitivity (dB SPL for 1 watt input) Maximum power handling; Non-linear distortion; Colouration (i.e., more or less, delayed resonance). It is the performance of a loudspeaker/listening room combination that really matters, as the two interact in multiple ways.