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  2. Strap footing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strap_footing

    A strap footing is a component of a building's foundation. It is a type of combined footing, [1] consisting of two or more column footings connected by a concrete beam. This type of beam is called a strap beam. It is used to help distribute the weight of either heavily or eccentrically loaded column footings to adjacent footings.

  3. Sesam (structural analysis software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesam_(structural_analysis...

    Sesam is a software suite for structural and hydrodynamic analysis of ships and offshore structures. [1] It is based on the displacement formulation of the Finite Element Method . The first version of Sesam was developed at NTH, now Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet ( NTNU Trondheim ), in the mid-1960s. [ 2 ]

  4. Floating raft system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_raft_system

    Floating raft is a land-based building foundation that protects it against settlement and liquefaction of soft soil from seismic activity. It was a necessary innovation in the development of tall buildings in the wet soil of Chicago in the 19th century, when it was developed by John Wellborn Root who came up with the idea of interlacing the concrete slab with steel beams.

  5. Waffle slab foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle_slab_foundation

    Waffle slab foundations adhere to International Building Code requirements. By 2008, most states put into effect the changes adopted in the 2006 IBC and, in regards to foundations, the on-grade mat foundation has become a more attractive design because, as an engineered system, it already accommodates the 2008 design recommendations, and required no major modifications to bring it into compliance.

  6. Piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piling

    A monopile foundation utilizes a single, generally large-diameter, foundation structural element to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large above-surface structure. A large number of monopile foundations [ 1 ] have been utilized in recent years for economically constructing fixed-bottom offshore wind farms in shallow-water subsea ...

  7. Pile cap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_cap

    A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable foundation. It usually forms part of the deep foundation of a building, typically a multi-story building, structure or support base for heavy equipment, or of a bridge.

  8. Caisson (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)

    In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson ' box ', from Italian cassone ' large box ', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure. [1] It is used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ...

  9. Shallow foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallow_foundation

    Customarily, a shallow foundation is considered as such when the width of the entire foundation is greater than its depth. [1] In comparison to deep foundations, shallow foundations are less technical, thus making them more economical and the most widely used for relatively light structures.