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Rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, infection of the valves [1] Usual onset: 2–4 weeks after a streptococcal throat infection, age 5–14 years [2] Causes: Autoimmune disease triggered by pathogenic strains of Streptococcus [1] Risk factors: Genetic factors, malnutrition and poverty. [1] Diagnostic method
It is one of the two most common valvular heart diseases in the elderly, [27] and the commonest type of valvular heart disease in low and middle income countries. [3] In a study of 595 male elite football players aged 18–38 and 47 sedentary non-athletes, mitral regurgitation was found in 20% football players and 15% in control group. Football ...
Acutely, it can cause pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade and death. After healing, there may be fibrosis and adhesion of the pericardium with the heart leading to constriction of the heart and reduced cardiac function. Myocarditis: Here the muscle bulk of the heart gets inflamed. Inflamed muscles have reduced functional capacity.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes I05-I09 within Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system should be included in this category. Pages in category "Chronic rheumatic heart diseases"
Rheumatism [2] / ˈ r uː m ə t ɪ z əm / or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. [3] Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism".
Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever, which frequently manifests with carditis and valvulitis, [ 20 ] is a late sequela of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection in the throat, often lagging the initial infection by weeks to months. [ 21 ]
Almost all cases of mitral stenosis are due to disease in the heart secondary to rheumatic fever and the consequent rheumatic heart disease. [3] [5] Uncommon causes of mitral stenosis are calcification [6] [7] of the mitral valve leaflets, and as a form of congenital heart disease. It is the most common valvular heart disease in pregnancy. [8 ...
With chronic rheumatic heart disease, the valves, typically the mitral valve but sometimes the aortic valve, develop scar tissue from repeated inflammation. The leaflets of the valves become thicker and can actually fuse together, called commissural fusion, Also the chordae tendinae which are attached to the valves can become thickened as well.
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