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The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States. [1] Founded in 1936 by California Institute of Technology (Caltech) researchers, the laboratory is now owned and sponsored by NASA and administered and managed by Caltech. [2] [3]
Table Mountain Observatory (TMO) is an astronomical observation facility operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology). It is located in Big Pines, California, in the Angeles National Forest near Wrightwood, north-northeast of Los Angeles, California. [1] [2] TMO is part of JPL's Table Mountain Facility (TMF).
Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the upper Arroyo Seco and San Gabriel foothills, 2006. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is located on the eastern end of La Cañada Flintridge (the mailing address is Pasadena). It is the primary United States research and development center for the robotic exploration of the Solar System.
Mars sunset (Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed and manages the Mars Pathfinder mission for NASA's Office of Space Science). Research areas include studying the nature of the Martian surface, the causes and mitigation of ozone depletion and global warming in Earth's atmosphere, the search for life in and the nature and evolution of the universe.
The facility is headquartered in the city of La Cañada Flintridge [16] [17] with a Pasadena mailing address. JPL is managed by the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Laboratory's primary function is building and operating robotic planetary spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. [18]
The Goldstone complex was created in 1958 by the JPL to support the Pioneer program of deep space exploration probes. Its location was determined by two criteria: a bowl-shaped environment was needed, and it needed to be distant from terrestrial sources of radio interference .
The Space Flight Operations Facility (SFOF) is a building containing a control room and related computing and communications equipment areas at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. NASA's Deep Space Network is operated from this facility.
[10] JPL diagrams [11] state that at an altitude of 30,000 km (19,000 mi), a spacecraft is always in the field of view of one of the tracking stations. The International Telecommunication Union , which sets aside various frequency bands for deep space and near Earth use , defines "deep space" to start at a distance of 2 million km (1.2 million ...