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Smale's problems is a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 [1] and republished in 1999. [2] Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century.
In mathematics, the mean value problem was posed by Stephen Smale in 1981. [1] This problem is still open in full generality. The problem asks: For a given complex polynomial of degree [2] A and a complex number , is there a critical point of (i.e. ′ =) such that
C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus (e.g. a gamete) or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism. In some cases (notably among diploid organisms), the terms C-value and genome size are used interchangeably; however, in polyploids the C-value may represent two or more genomes contained within the same nucleus.
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers.In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.
The Hundred-dollar, Hundred-digit Challenge problems are 10 problems in numerical mathematics published in 2002 by Nick Trefethen . A $100 prize was offered to whoever produced the most accurate solutions, measured up to 10 significant digits. The deadline for the contest was May 20, 2002.
These are the steps most people would take to emulate a greedy algorithm to represent 36 cents using only coins with values {1, 5, 10, 20}. The coin of the highest value, less than the remaining change owed, is the local optimum. (In general, the change-making problem requires dynamic programming to find an optimal solution; however, most ...
An approach used by the fisher.test function in R is to compute the p-value by summing the probabilities for all tables with probabilities less than or equal to that of the observed table. In the example here, the 2-sided p-value is twice the 1-sided value—but in general these can differ substantially for tables with small counts, unlike the ...
The problem of determining if a given set of Wang tiles can tile the plane. The problem of determining the Kolmogorov complexity of a string. Hilbert's tenth problem: the problem of deciding whether a Diophantine equation (multivariable polynomial equation) has a solution in integers.