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Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma varies by the stage of disease, a person's likelihood to tolerate surgery, and availability of liver transplantation: Curative intention: for limited disease, when the cancer is limited to one or more areas of within the liver, surgically removing the malignant cells may be curative.
Neoplasms have been described with prolonged exposure to some medications or toxins. Hepatocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma, and liver adenomas are the ones usually reported. Causes: Vinyl chloride, combined oral contraceptive pill, anabolic steroid, arsenic, thorotrast
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side-effects for people with cancer and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that people receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side-effects, respectively. [98]
Focal nodular hyperplasia's most recognizable gross feature is a central stellate scar seen in 60–70% of cases. Microscopically, a lobular proliferation of bland-appearing hepatocytes with a bile ductular proliferation and malformed vessels within the fibrous scar is the most common pattern.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, and the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [153] Screening using an ultrasound with or without cancer markers such as alpha-fetoprotein can detect this cancer and is often carried out for early signs which has been shown to improve outcomes.
The goal of treatment is prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [111] The best way to reduce the long-term risk of HCC is to achieve sustained virological response (SVR). [ 111 ] SVR is defined as an undetectable viral load at 12 weeks after treatment completion and indicates a cure.
The activated stellate cell as a myofibroblast is also responsible for secreting components of the extracellular matrix including collagen that can promote the development of fibrosis and the formation of scar tissue. Continued fibrosis is thought to be responsible for the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer.
For a small basal-cell cancer in a young person, the treatment with the best cure rate (Mohs surgery or CCPDMA) might be indicated. In the case of an elderly frail man with multiple complicating medical problems, a difficult to excise basal-cell cancer of the nose might warrant radiation therapy (slightly lower cure rate) or no treatment at all.