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Betula pumila (dwarf birch [2] or bog birch [3]) is a deciduous shrub native to North America. Bog birch occurs over a vast area of northern North America, from Yukon in the west to New England in the east and all the way to Washington and Oregon, inhabiting swamps and riparian zones in the boreal forests.
Betula nigra, the black birch, river birch or water birch, is a species of birch native to the Eastern United States from New Hampshire west to southern Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and west to Texas. It is one of the few heat-tolerant birches in a family of mostly cold-weather trees which do not thrive in USDA Zone 6 and up.
Betula fruticosa, commonly known as dwarf bog birch, [1] (traditional Chinese: 柴樺; simplified Chinese: 柴桦; pinyin: chái huà) is a species of dwarf birch that grows in central and eastern Europe (except for Finland where it grows rare) and Siberia and Mongolia [2] on elevation of 600–1,100 metres (2,000–3,600 ft) in forests, streambanks, and swamps.
In northern Greenland, the ground is covered with a carpet of mosses and low-lying shrubs such as dwarf willows and crowberries. Flowering plants in the north include yellow poppy, Pedicularis, and Pyrola. [2] [3] Plant life in southern Greenland is more abundant, and certain plants, such as the dwarf birch and willow, may grow several feet high.
Betula glandulosa, taken at Chepeta Lake, Uintah, Utah.. This plant occurs in arctic and cool temperate areas from Alaska east to Newfoundland and southern Greenland, and south at high altitudes to northern California, Colorado, and the Black Hills of South Dakota in the west, [3] and locally south to northern New York in the east.
Betula michauxii, the Newfoundland dwarf birch, is a species of birch which is native to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec [2] as well as Saint Pierre and Miquelon. [1] It is a perennial herb. [ 3 ]
Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams, numbering a total of 167 species. [2]
Betula populifolia, known as the gray (or grey) birch, is a deciduous tree in the family Betulaceae. It is native to eastern North America and is most commonly found in the northeast United States as well as southern Quebec , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia . [ 1 ]